Wikipedia card
Calligraphy, also known as “Chinese Calligraphy” is unique to China as a traditional art. In a narrow speaking, calligraphy brush writing Chinese characters refers to the methods and laws. Including the pen, the pen moves, stipple, structure and layout (distribution, line times, the rules) and so on. Broadly speaking, calligraphy is written in language sign law. In other words, calligraphy is in terms of language features and the meaning of the book in its body strokes, structure and tricks of writing, making it rich aesthetic works of art.
Introduction
Calligraphy, also known as “Chinese Calligraphy” and the other is divided into “with a soft brush calligraphy” and “hard-pen calligraphy” is a traditional art form unique to China. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters are created by the working people, began to drawing notes, after thousands of years of development, evolved into today’s language, and also because their ancestors invented writing with a brush, he produced a calligraphy through the ages, are written in Chinese characters as the brush Lord, As for other writing forms, such as hard brush, refer to books, their writing with a brush to write laws than the laws, not very different, but basic similarities. Based on claims seeking the source of this (referring to Oracle later), here focuses on Cursive calligraphy brush to write Chinese calligraphy pattern. Calligraphy, as long as we have a “narrow” understanding, then the right understanding of the “extended the calligraphy” will be of great benefit.
In a narrow speaking, calligraphy brush writing Chinese characters refers to the methods and laws. Including the pen, the pen moves, stipple, structure and layout (distribution, line times, the rules) and so on. For example, the pen that virtual real palm, fingers Qi Li; the pen moves center Shop cents; stippling to the pen with the intention, the same as Run-Qiao; structure to form the words Li, Xiang An echo; the distribution of complex, density-ordination vacuousness born Quanzhang consistent gas ; paragraph shall literacy ancient and modern, the word wealthy small, rather high not to low.
Broadly speaking, calligraphy is written in language sign law. In other words, calligraphy is in terms of language features and the meaning of the book in its body strokes, structure and tricks of writing, making it rich aesthetic works of art, with the development of cultural undertakings, has not only limited to the use of brush calligraphy and writing Chinese characters, its meaning has been greatly increased. For example, from the use of tools in terms of hard brush calligraphy, Cursive, only this one on the wide variety of pen, brush, hard brush, computer equipment, spray gun branding tools, a wide range of everyday tools. Pigment Black Ink is not just the use of block, ink, adhesives, chemicals, paint glazed and so vivid and full of wonders. Over the past four treasures – pen, ink, paper and ink stone, its meaning is also a great expansion, many varieties, too numerous to mention; from pen mode point of view, and some hand-writing, some with their feet writing, is to use other organs authored also no shortage, and even some people simply do not use a pen to write, such as “means the book” “squeezing missing book”, etc.; from the kinds of written text, said that is not a Chinese one, and some minority languages have also boarded the calligraphy and paintings, Mongolian is one example; from the body and tricks of the book point of view, in addition to the traditional books were authentic beyond right and wrong in our country has emerged (line) the same, static and dynamic combination of “intention” to send, that is, the so-called modern calligraphy. It is based on the traditional calligraphy, to be innovative, highlight the “change” and the words melt poem calligraphy and painting as a whole, and strive to form and content of unity, so that the work was “meaning the United States, sound the United States, form the United States,” the three US-masterpiece. In Japan a lot of books at home to abandon the language of the text, establish the text “image” of the emergence of “ink as” faction, a pen light and heavy, and Xu disease, stroke, and start to write the opening and closing position changes, write a variety of images of text. This book sent, although highlighting “image” and its characters are also tours of the novel, but not all Chinese characters “image” the word, so moving forward with difficulty, development is restricted. All of these (of course, it is not those), we can see, like calligraphy, and other things is constantly developing and changing. This must be caused by Shu Fajie people’s attention. The traditional Chinese calligraphy, Cursive scribe Zhuan Kai, bodies of five books, and now the birth of the sixth book of the body – horses body. That is, Chinese calligraphy in the book are now a total of six bodies, namely, body running script, cursive scripts, Lishu body, 篆书 body, regular script body of six kinds of body and horse books calligraphy.
Explained
Regular script calligraphy brush, is there a Fadu High Art. Emphasis “Fadu”! The “Act” no “law” is the difference between the book maker, and calligrapher. One of the traditional arts. Fragrance refers to writing with a brush, scribe, positive, OK, the grass each Chinese character art. Technique that stresses the pen, brush, stippling, structure, the rules and so on, with the traditional Chinese painting, stone carving art of close. There are 3000 years of history, to the Shang and Zhou Jin for germination; later Fragrance Qin, Han Li, Jin grass, Wei Bei, Tang Kai, Song OK, all good at their victory.
(1) The repair history of the ancient historian, for material handling, historical events and reviews, appraise, each principle, style, saying that the “calligraphy.”
(2) art of writing the text. It also means a work of calligraphy.
(3) means the character shape.
(4) wording.
【English】 calligraphy, penmanship [France] chirography
【Japanese】 calligraphy. Calligrapher calligraphers.
【Korean】 [명사] (1) 서도 (calligraphy). 서예 의 필법. (2) 사가 (historian) 의기록 필법. (3) 한자 (Chinese characters) brush Cursive Calligraphy 의형체. (4) (시가 · 문장 또는 말 에 있어서) 문자 의 용법 과 사구 (phrases) 의배치.
【French】 [n.] calligraphie
【German】 [Kunst] Chinesische Kalligrafie [S] Kalligraphie
【Italian】 [name] calligrafia; serittura
Esperanto】 【belskribado, kaligrano
Spanish】 【caligrafia; escritura
【Portuguese】 [f] caligrafia
Arabic】 【خط, علم الخط, خط اليد
Uighur】 【خەتتاتلىق, خۇش خەت, ھۆسن خەت, خەتتاتلىق
【Russian】 почеркподрисованныйписчий ས
Basic interpretation of ུ 【】
[calligraphy] art of writing, specifically the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush
China painting and calligraphy for the edge, but more fun with literature. – Cai Yuan-pei, “picture”
【Detailed explanation】
1. The ancient historian repair history of the material handling, historical events and reviews, appraise, each principle, style, saying that the “calligraphy.”
“Zuo Xuan Gong two years”: “Dong Fox, ancient history is also good, calligraphy is not hidden.” Tang Liu Zhiji “Shi Tong puzzled by the”: “refresher when Shi Chen Face straight pen, there are guilty of Sri Lanka die, calligraphy without homes who carry on. “Mining Song Xie Bo” secret vegetarian Notes “volume IV:” “The Analects of Confucius” calligraphy of Yan, namely, “Spring and Autumn” calligraphy also. “Ming Liu Ji’s” Spring and Autumn cutting Xu Bor-Ming Jing Zheng Xu expedition “: “cap and cutting Xu Cheng, Bor-cutting promised calligraphy with the carry on.”
2. Writing writing art. It also means a work of calligraphy.
“Nan Qi Shu Zhou Yong Chuan”: “less from the outside Juji’s quality of Home Depot, General Zang Wei Heng San Lishu France, learning the very workers.” Song Qian mian “Private Zhi Qian”: “Calligraphy of the Miao Yuan Zhang, today can be described as the first. “” Scholars “Di Erba back:” Poetry of the ancient and there is no good. again and wonderful calligraphy, there is no third. “Zhou Yang” in Chinese calligrapher for the first time the opening of Congress ceremony speech “:” China’s unique calligraphy as an art, we should attach importance to it. ”
3. That shapes character.
Qing Ye Feng, “Nishi Miscellanies numerals the words”: “to such as the Qin and Han Dynasty Stele, but 123 different calligraphy.”
4. Wording.
Lu Shuxiang “” Comprehensive Mirror “punctuation Suo discussion”: “” Comprehensive Mirror “calligraphy, ‘Night’ word for the sentence, will have some bearing. Above, did not say what day the matter, ‘Night’ with the next reading of the word ‘night ‘word-point cut, which means’ to the night’; ‘Night’ word constantly, which means’ to take advantage of the night ‘. ”
ལག་བྲིས།
Origin
Calligraphy is the art of writing Chinese characters. It is not only the Chinese nation’s cultural treasures, but also in the world’s cultural treasure house of art in its name alone. In the long evolution of Chinese characters long history on the one hand plays the exchange of ideas, cultural heritage and other important social role, on the other hand it is itself the formation of a unique plastic arts. In modern times has been confirmed, with regard to the origin of Chinese characters, the general view that around 5000-6000 years ago the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, “Yangshao period”, has created the text. Yangshao a result of the first in 1921 in Henan Yangshao Mianchi found in the village its name. Nearly 40 years, but also there are many discovery after another.
The text all the nations of the world summed up in three types, namely the table-shaped words; ideographs; phonography. Chinese is a typical form letter in the table developed on the basis of the ideographs. The growing number of defined characters method, that is the kind drawn. However, drawing tends to be more simplistic, abstract, become a prominent physical characteristics of a symbol representing a certain sense, the pronunciation of a certain … … of our characters, from the pictures, symbols to create, shape, from classical Chinese Seal Script to Seal Script, by the Fragrance and the scribe, kai, rows, grass, all kinds of body shape. Writing Chinese characters in the application process, gradually produced the text of all ethnic groups in the world unique, and can separate category for art of calligraphy.
A variety of calligraphy body
1: Oracle (Qi Wen)
Ancient Chinese characters of a book the name of the body, but also China’s most ancient existing text. Engraved on the bones or shells, first used in divination (Yan Dai people use shells, animal bones divination. Divining divination, after the period, the Soothsayer’s name, the use of divining what the Bu Dao Ke next, and some also had a number of the future fate is fulfilled carved up. scholars call this recorded as a divination) is the result of the divination of future things, Sheng Yu Shang. Oracle was discovered in 1889, is the late Shang Dynasty royal family fortune when the record, Xiao Tuncun found in the vicinity of Anyang, Henan Province, has more than 3,000 years ago. Oracle is the first piece of Chinese calligraphy in the history of treasure, which has the thickness of strokes, light and heavy, Ji Xu changes, write light and illness, line pen thick and heavy, close pen fast and the Czech Republic, has a certain rhythm. Stroke twist radius and recent side by moving Qiao, round by Gentle. Its smooth lines, more harmonious than the Tao, the Chinese art of calligraphy unique line set the tone and rhythm. Oracle Composition rectangular, laid the font characters. Oracle knot shaped body with the body, he served as its natural. Its methodicalness sizes, radius of more than differences, with a long flat shape, scattered and diverse yet harmonious unity. The so-called mixed descendants scattered, interspersed avoidance, North Korea Yi echoed days Review summarizes the principles of Chinese writing, etc., are already largely available in Oracle.
2: Clementi
Ancient Chinese characters of a book the name of the body. Shang and Western Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, inscriptions on bronze on the general term for the font. Flourished in the Zhou Dynasty. Clementi is another milestone in the history of Chinese calligraphy. Attached to bronze, cast tripod is intended to “make the people know God adultery”, it is a religious ritual ceremonies. Jin, also known as tripods and text, device-wen, ancient Jin. And the bronze cast of the inscription with the lines is more sturdy compared to Oracle’s powerful and pictographic writing means also more dense, the earliest found in business in the mid Jin bronzes unearthed in the data was quite small, as early as age than the Yin Ruins Oracle . Jin Zhou Dynasty is the golden age of most inscriptions were unearthed.
His major works from this period are: “Li Gui,” “Tian Gui death,” “big Yue Ding” “wall plate” “San’s plate” “Guo Hideko white plate.” Especially the “mother of E Division ding” “San’s disc” “Maogong Ding,” the most famous, have the highest artistic achievement.
3: Stone Man
Stone Man arises from the Zhou dynasty, flourished in the Qin Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Qin Stele text. In 10 of the drum-shaped mass of granite stone, each engraved with four words write a poem, the content singing Qin Jun hunting situation, it is also known as the hunting Gar. The legendary Xia Dynasty, when the first stone was a “mountain peak monument” style tone poems inscribed with the “Book of Songs” similar to the size of ya. Font close to “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” contained in the Zhou Wen, calligraphy has always been its pretty good. His major works include: “Ancient Proses on Stones” “yi shan stone” “Tarzan stone” “Langya stone” “Hueiji stone” and so on.
4: Jane silk ink
The art of calligraphy the most authentic, but the Qin and Han previous Calligraphy artworks, usually only in the book to see Jane silk League. Jane ancient books, the quality of bamboo mainly compiled by Jane’s rope tendon, silk, hemp. The earliest archaeological finds Jane silk ink, there Hubei Yun Meng Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Shanxi Houma Warring States period unearthed in the book African Union (AU The book was written in stone or jade policy text on the policy), the Warring States period unearthed in Changsha Mawangdui silk manuscripts. Chinese calligraphy by Oracle, Jin, to the Spring and Autumn period, due to relive, so the text since the Shang Dynasty, in the princes of different countries on a path the path of development during this period, calligraphy has also shown the form and techniques of a television news situation. If the north Jin’s “Kedou Wen,” Wu, Yue, Chu Cai and other countries of the “bird book”, more tortuous and prolonged tail strokes. Spring and Autumn period, unlike the Western Zhou Jin Jin has the kind of strong shape for them with a slender figure and shows a rounded beautiful, such as “attack Fuchai Kam.” Retained during this period a large number of ink, for Jane, silk, and league books.